Dormant Bud Freezing Dormant bud freezing may be a useful tool for conserving woody exceptional species that are cold tolerant. Collecting the buds at the proper time is important. Recovery methods vary with the species, but include in vitro culture, grafting onto seedlings, and direct rooting of buds. Video Resources Dormant bud cryopreservation for woody plant species by Gayle Volk Expand for More Info Gayle Volk graduated from Colorado State University with a B.S. in Biochemistry in 1991, received an M.S. in Horticulture from Purdue University, and a Ph.D. in Plant Physiology from Cornell University in 1998. She has been a Plant Physiologist with the USDA-ARS National Laboratory for Genetic Resources Preservation (Fort Collins, CO) for 21 years. Her interdisciplinary research program uses molecular data to assess and capture diversity in the USDA National Plant Germplasm System apple collection and she coauthored “The Global Strategy for the Conservation and Use of Apple Genetic Resources”. She also develops and implements methods to preserve clonally propagated fruit and vegetable collections using shoot tip and dormant bud cryopreservation technologies. In addition, she is co-coordinating an effort to develop freely available training materials for plant genebanking. She has authored over 150 peer-reviewed publications and book chapters. Gayle is grateful for the opportunity to collaborate with students and researchers from around the U.S. and world to conserve plant genetic diversity. Expand for Selected References Atmakuri AR, Chaudhury R, Malik SK, et al (2009) Mulberry biodiversity conservation through cryopreservation. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol – Plant 45:639–649. doi: 10.1007/s11627-008-9185-3 Benelli C, De Carlo A, Engelmann F (2013) Recent advances in the cryopreservation of shoot-derived germplasm of economically important fruit trees of Actinidia, Diospyros, Malus, Olea, Prunus, Pyrus and Vitis. Biotechnol Adv 31:175–185. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.09.004 Bonnart R, Waddell J, Haiby K, et al (2014) Cryopreservation of Populus trichocarpa and Salix dormant buds with recovery by grafting or direct rooting. CryoLetters 35:507–515. Forsline PL, Towill LE, Waddell JW, et al (1998) Recovery and longevity of cryopreserved dormant apple buds. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 123:365–370. Garc??a-Baldenegro CV, Vargas-Arispuro I, Islas-Osuna M, et al (2015) Total RNA quality of lyophilized and cryopreserved dormant grapevine buds. Electron J Biotechnol 18:134–137. doi: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2015.01.002 Harvengt L, Meier-Dinkel a., Dumas E, Collin E (2004) Establishment of a cryopreserved gene bank of European elms. Can J For Res Can Rech For 34:43–55. doi: 10.1139/X03-193 Höfer M (2015) Cryopreservation of winter-dormant apple buds: establishment of a duplicate collection of Malus germplasm. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 121:647–656. doi: 10.1007/s11240-015-0735-1 Jenderek MM, Ambruzs B, Tanner J, et al (2014) Extending the dormant bud cryopreservation to new tree species. Acta Hortic 1039:133–136. Jenderek MM, Postman JD, Stover EW, Ellis DD (2009) Desiccation and freezing studies of dormant buds from selected horticultural woody plant species. I International Symposium on Cryopreservation in Horticultural Species, April 5-8, 2009. Leuven, Belgium. pp. 91. Meeting abstract. https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=233857 Matsumoto T, Yamamoto S, Fukui K, et al (2015) Cryopreservation of persimmon shoot tips from dormant budsuUsing the D Cryo-plate technique. Hortic J 84:106–110. doi: 10.2503/hortj.MI-043 Rantala S, Kaseva J, Karhu S, et al (2019) Cryopreservation of Ribes nigrum (L.) dormant buds: recovery via in vitro culture to the field. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 138:109–119. doi: 10.1007/s11240-019-01607-5 Rasl T, Schalk M, Temsch E, Kodym A (2020) Direct cryopreservation of winter ‑ acclimated buds of Dracocephalum austriacum ( Lamiaceae ) from field material. Plant Cell, Tissue Organ Cult. doi: 10.1007/s11240-020-01850-1 Sakai A (1960) Survival of the twig of woody plants at -196oC. Nature 185:392–394. Tanner JD, Chen KY, Bonnart RM, et al (2021) Considerations for large-scale implementation of dormant budwood cryopreservation. Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult 144:35–48. doi: 10.1007/s11240-020-01884-5 Tanner JD, Minas IS, Chen KY, et al (2020) Antimicrobial forcing solution improves recovery of cryopreserved temperate fruit tree dormant buds. Cryobiology 92:241–247. doi: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.01.019 Volk GM, Bonnart R, Waddell J, Widrlechner MP (2009a) Cryopreservation of dormant buds from diverse Fraxinus species. Cryo-Letters 30:262–267. Zhumagulova ZB, Kovalchuk IY, Barbara Reed M, et al (2014) Effect of pretreatment methods of dormant pear buds on viability after cryopreservation. World Appl Sci J 30:330–334. doi: 10.5829/idosi.wasj.2014.30.03.14028