Bryophytes Bryophyte gametophytes have been cryopreserved using vitrification, encapsultation dehydration, slow freezing. Often in vitro cultures have been used for preservation, but the potential for freeze tolerant mosses to be preserved without first being established into culture appears promising. Most commonly, gametophytes have been cryopreserved, but other tissues, including gemmae, protonemata, and sperm, have also been successfully recovered after liquid nitrogen exposure. Bryophytes appear to be highly adaptable to cryostorage, and several threatened species have been studied. These illustrate the potential of this method for conservation and should be applied more widely to threatened bryophytes. Expand for Selected References Burch J, Wilkinson T (2002) Cryopreservation of protonemata of Ditrichum cornubicum (Paton) comparing the effectiveness of four cryoprotectant pretreatments. Cryo-Letters 23:197–208. Cannone N, Corinti T, Malfasi F, et al (2017) Moss survival through in situ cryptobiosis after six centuries of glacier burial. Sci Rep 7:1–7. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-04848-6 Christianson ML (1998) A simple protocol for cryopreservation of mosses. Bryologist 101:32–35. La Farge C, Williams KH, England JH (2013) Regeneration of Little Ice Age bryophytes emerging from a polar glacier with implications of totipotency in extreme environments. Proc Natl Acad Sci 110:9839–9844. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1304199110 Mallón R, Rodríguez-Oubiña J, Luz González M (2010) Vitrification of mosses: A useful method for the cryopreservation of Splachnum ampullaceum Hedw. CryoLetters 31:24–28. Pence VC (1998) Cryopreservation of bryophytes: The effects of abscisic acid and encapsulation dehydration. Bryologist 101:278–281. Rowntree JK, Duckett JG, Mortimer CL, et al (2007) Formation of specialized propagules resistant to desiccation and cryopreservation in the threatened moss Ditrichum plumbicola (Ditrichales, Bryopsida). Ann Bot 100:483–496. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcm141 Rowntree JK, Ramsay MM (2009) How bryophytes came out of the cold: Successful cryopreservation of threatened species. Biodivers Conserv 18:1413–1420. doi: 10.1007/s10531-008-9453-x Segreto R, Hassel K, Bardal R, Stenøien HK (2010) Desiccation tolerance and natural cold acclimation allow cryopreservation of bryophytes without pretreatment or use of cryoprotectants. Bryologist 113:760–769. doi: 10.1639/0007-2745-113.4.760 Sun L-W, Gao X-D, Xu D-E, et al (2019) Variation in germination rates of moss spores using a cryopreservation technique : A case study of spores from six moss species. J East China Norm Univ (Natural Sci 3:138–144. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-5641.2019.03.015 Tanaka D, Ishizaki K, Kohchi T, Yamato KT (2016) Cryopreservation of gemmae from the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha L. Plant Cell Physiol 57:300–306. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcv173 Togawa T, Adachi T, Harada D, et al (2018) Cryopreservation of Marchantia polymorpha spermatozoa. J Plant Res 131:1047–1054. doi: 10.1007/s10265-018-1059-0 Wu S-P, Qin Z-Z, Xiao T-Z, et al (2015) Cryopreservation of gemmae of Marchantia polymorpha L. (Marchantiophyta, Marchantiaceae) without prior pretreatment. CryoLetters 36:91–96.